The screenshots appear to be from plugins, and these plugins are using the old X-Plane 10 style UI which is not scalable like the new X-Plane 11 UI is. Your options to make these larger include decreasing the monitor size in settings to artificially increase the size of all icons, programs, etc, or make X-Plane a window and then you can use Windows' magnifying tool. There is no fix for this in X-Plane itself.